EFFECTS OF THE CONCEPTS OF KHALWA DAR-ANJUMAN AND MALĀMA ON THE ECONOMIC MENTALITY AND PRACTICES IN FUTUWWA AND AKHISM ORGANISATIONS HALVET DER-ENCÜMEN VE MELÂMET KAVRAMLARININ FÜTÜVVET VE AHÎLİK TEŞKİLATLARINDA EKONOMİK ZİHNİYET VE UYGULAMALARA ETKİSİ

In this study, the effects of the concepts of khalwa dar-anjuman and malāma in the ṣūfī literature on theeconomic mentality and practices in futuwwa and akhism organizations are discussed. Khalwa dar-anjumanis a ṣūfī term that expresses the spiritual development of a person by existing in society. According tothis principle, which is one of the basic principles of the Naqshbandiyya order, a person should not turnaway from work and turn to seclusion, but should be at work with the love of Allah in his heart. Thisunderstanding can also be expressed with the phrase “hands to work, hearth to God”. When the concept ofmalāma, which is observed to be mentioned and discussed together with Bektashism, is also considered interms of economic mentality, it is seen that it requires similar attitudes with the principle of khalwa daranjumanand its implementation is realized in futuwwa and akhism organisations. Malāma morality is basedon concealing its spiritual aspect under professional and social identity with the aim of protecting sincerity.In connection with this, futuwwa means serving all existence with generosity and akhism can be consideredas an organized view of economic morality and solidarity. In the study, the unity of these concepts on theeconomic and social ground, which causes separation by being associated with the principles and methodsof different sects today, is revealed and the unity in the essence of ṣūfī orders is emphasized. The fact thatall ṣūfī ways meet in the Prophet Muhammed (pbuh) and in common values is like the merging of differentbranches under the same root. Differences in ṣūfī ways are not essential but incidental. For the peace ofhumanity, there is a need to realize the diversity that brings mercy, not division.Keywords: Khalwa Dar-Anjuman, Malāma, Futuwwa, Akhism, Economic Mentality.